Spring Security - Spring Boot 中的 Spring Security 自动配置

1. 前言

我们在前几篇对 Spring Security 的用户信息管理机制,密码机制进行了探讨。我们发现 Spring Security Starter 相关的 Servlet 自动配置都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE (当前 Spring Boot 版本为 2.1.9.RELEASE ) 模块的路径 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet 之下。其实官方提供的Starter组件的自动配置你都能在 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE 下找到。今天我们进一步来解密 Spring SecuritySpring Boot 的配置和使用。

2. Spring Boot 下 Spring Security 的自动配置

我们可以通过 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet 路径下找到 Spring Security 关于 Servlet 的自动配置类。我们来大致了解一下。

2.1 SecurityAutoConfiguration

 package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet;

 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityDataConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties;
 import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
 import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationEventPublisher;
 import org.springframework.security.authentication.DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher;

 /**
  * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} for Spring Security.
  *
  * @author Dave Syer
  * @author Andy Wilkinson
  * @author Madhura Bhave
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
 @Configuration
 @ConditionalOnClass(DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher.class)
 @EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class)
 @Import({ SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration.class, WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration.class,
         SecurityDataConfiguration.class })
 public class SecurityAutoConfiguration {

     @Bean
     @ConditionalOnMissingBean(AuthenticationEventPublisher.class)
     public DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher authenticationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {
         return new DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher(publisher);
     }

 }

SecurityAutoConfiguration 顾名思义安全配置类。该类引入( @import )了 SpringBootWebSecurityConfigurationWebSecurityEnablerConfigurationSecurityDataConfiguration 三个配置类。 让这三个模块的类生效。是一个复合配置,是 Spring Security 自动配置最重要的一个类之一。 Spring Boot 自动配置经常使用这种方式以达到灵活配置的目的,这也是我们研究 Spring Security 自动配置的一个重要入口 同时 SecurityAutoConfiguration 还将 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher 作为默认的 AuthenticationEventPublisher 注入 Spring IoC 容器。如果你熟悉 Spring 中的事件机制你就会知道该类是一个 Spring 事件发布器。该类内置了一个 HashMap<String, Constructor<? extends AbstractAuthenticationEvent>> 维护了认证异常处理和对应异常事件处理逻辑的映射关系,比如账户过期异常 AccountExpiredException 对应认证过期事件 AuthenticationFailureExpiredEvent ,也就是说发生不同认证的异常使用不同处理策略。

2.2 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration

 @Configuration
 @ConditionalOnClass(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
 @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
 public class SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration {

     @Configuration
     @Order(SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER)
     static class DefaultConfigurerAdapter extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

     }

 }

这个类是Spring Security 对 Spring Boot Servlet Web 应用的默认配置。核心在于 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 适配器。从 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class) 我们就能看出 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 是安全配置的核心。 默认情况下 DefaultConfigurerAdapter 将以 SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER-5 ) 的顺序注入 Spring IoC 容器,这是个空实现。如果我们需要个性化可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 来实现。我们会在以后的博文重点介绍该类。

2.3 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration

 @Configuration
 @ConditionalOnBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN)
 @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)
 @EnableWebSecurity
 public class WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration {

 }

该配置类会在 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration 注入 Spring IoC 容器后启用 @EnableWebSecurity 注解。也就是说 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration 目的仅仅就是在某些条件下激活 @EnableWebSecurity 注解。那么这个注解都有什么呢?

3. @EnableWebSecurity 注解

 @Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE })
 @Documented
 @Import({ WebSecurityConfiguration.class,
         SpringWebMvcImportSelector.class,
         OAuth2ImportSelector.class })
 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
 @Configuration
 public @interface EnableWebSecurity {

     /**
      * Controls debugging support for Spring Security. Default is false.
      * @return if true, enables debug support with Spring Security
      */
     boolean debug() default false;
 } 

@Enable* 这类注解都是带配置导入的注解。通过导入一些配置来启用一些特定功能。 @EnableWebSecurity 导入了 WebSecurityConfigurationSpringWebMvcImportSelectorOAuth2ImportSelector 以及启用了 @EnableGlobalAuthentication 注解。

3.1 WebSecurityConfiguration

该配置类 WebSecurityConfiguration 使用一个 WebSecurity 对象基于用户指定的或者默认的安全配置,你可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 或者实现 WebSecurityConfigurer 来定制 WebSecurity 创建一个 FilterChainProxy Bean来对用户请求进行安全过滤。这个 FilterChainProxy 的名称就是 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration 上的 BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN 也就是 springSecurityFilterChain ,它是一个Filter,最终会被作为Servlet过滤器链中的一个Filter应用到Servlet容器中。安全处理的策略主要是过滤器的调用顺序。 WebSecurityConfiguration 最终会通过 @EnableWebSecurity 应用到系统。

源码分析:

 package org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration;

 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;

 import javax.servlet.Filter;

 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware;
 import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
 import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
 import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
 import org.springframework.security.access.expression.SecurityExpressionHandler;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.ObjectPostProcessor;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurer;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.WebSecurityConfigurer;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
 import org.springframework.security.context.DelegatingApplicationListener;
 import org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy;
 import org.springframework.security.web.FilterInvocation;
 import org.springframework.security.web.access.WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator;
 import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;


 /**
  * Spring Web Security 的配置类 : 
  *  1. 使用一个 WebSecurity 对象基于安全配置创建一个 FilterChainProxy 对象来对用户请求进行安全过滤。 
  *  2. 也会暴露诸如 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 等一些类。
  *   
  * @see EnableWebSecurity
  * @see WebSecurity
  *
  * @author Rob Winch
  * @author Keesun Baik
  * @since 3.2
  */
 @Configuration
 public class WebSecurityConfiguration implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware {
     private WebSecurity webSecurity;
  // 是否启用了调试模式,来自注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debug,缺省值 false
     private Boolean debugEnabled;

     private List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers;

     private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;

     @Autowired(required = false)
     private ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectObjectPostProcessor;
   /**
    *
    * 代理监听器 应该时监听 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher 的一些处理策略
    */   
     @Bean
     public static DelegatingApplicationListener delegatingApplicationListener() {
         return new DelegatingApplicationListener();
     }
    /**
     *
     * 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 缺省为一个 DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler
     */   
     @Bean
     @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
     public SecurityExpressionHandler<FilterInvocation> webSecurityExpressionHandler() {
         return webSecurity.getExpressionHandler();
     }

     /**
      *  Spring Security 核心过滤器  Spring Security Filter Chain  , Bean ID 为 springSecurityFilterChain
      * @return the {@link Filter} that represents the security filter chain
      * @throws Exception
      */
     @Bean(name = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
     public Filter springSecurityFilterChain() throws Exception {
         boolean hasConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers != null
                 && !webSecurityConfigurers.isEmpty();
         if (!hasConfigurers) {
             WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter adapter = objectObjectPostProcessor
                     .postProcess(new WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
                     });
             webSecurity.apply(adapter);
         }
         return webSecurity.build();
     }

     /**
    *
    * 用于模板 如JSP Freemarker 的一些页面标签按钮控制支持
      * Creates the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator} that is necessary for the JSP
      * tag support.
      * @return the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator}
      * @throws Exception
      */
     @Bean
     @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
     public WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator privilegeEvaluator() throws Exception {
         return webSecurity.getPrivilegeEvaluator();
     }

     /**
    *
    * 用于创建web configuration的SecurityConfigurer实例,
    * 注意该参数通过@Value(...)方式注入,对应的bean autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents
    * 也在该类中定义
    *
      * @param objectPostProcessor the {@link ObjectPostProcessor} used to create a
      * {@link WebSecurity} instance
      * @param webSecurityConfigurers the
      * {@code <SecurityConfigurer<FilterChainProxy, WebSecurityBuilder>} instances used to
      * create the web configuration
      * @throws Exception
      */
     @Autowired(required = false)
     public void setFilterChainProxySecurityConfigurer(
             ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor,
             @Value("#{@autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents.getWebSecurityConfigurers()}") List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers)
             throws Exception {
         webSecurity = objectPostProcessor
                 .postProcess(new WebSecurity(objectPostProcessor));
         if (debugEnabled != null) {
             webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled);
         }

         Collections.sort(webSecurityConfigurers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);

         Integer previousOrder = null;
         Object previousConfig = null;
         for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> config : webSecurityConfigurers) {
             Integer order = AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.lookupOrder(config);
             if (previousOrder != null && previousOrder.equals(order)) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(
                         "@Order on WebSecurityConfigurers must be unique. Order of "
                                 + order + " was already used on " + previousConfig + ", so it cannot be used on "
                                 + config + " too.");
             }
             previousOrder = order;
             previousConfig = config;
         }
         for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> webSecurityConfigurer : webSecurityConfigurers) {
             webSecurity.apply(webSecurityConfigurer);
         }
         this.webSecurityConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers;
     }
    /**
     * 从当前bean容器中获取所有的WebSecurityConfigurer bean。
     * 这些WebSecurityConfigurer通常是由开发人员实现的配置类,并且继承自WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
     *  
     */   
     @Bean
     public static AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(
             ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
         return new AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(beanFactory);
     }

     /**
      * A custom verision of the Spring provided AnnotationAwareOrderComparator that uses
      * {@link AnnotationUtils#findAnnotation(Class, Class)} to look on super class
      * instances for the {@link Order} annotation.
      *
      * @author Rob Winch
      * @since 3.2
      */
     private static class AnnotationAwareOrderComparator extends OrderComparator {
         private static final AnnotationAwareOrderComparator INSTANCE = new AnnotationAwareOrderComparator();

         @Override
         protected int getOrder(Object obj) {
             return lookupOrder(obj);
         }

         private static int lookupOrder(Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof Ordered) {
                 return ((Ordered) obj).getOrder();
             }
             if (obj != null) {
                 Class<?> clazz = (obj instanceof Class ? (Class<?>) obj : obj.getClass());
                 Order order = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(clazz, Order.class);
                 if (order != null) {
                     return order.value();
                 }
             }
             return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
         }
     }

     /*
      * 要是为了获取注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debugEnabled
      *
      * @see org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware#setImportMetadata(org.
      * springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata)
      */
     public void setImportMetadata(AnnotationMetadata importMetadata) {
         Map<String, Object> enableWebSecurityAttrMap = importMetadata
                 .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableWebSecurity.class.getName());
         AnnotationAttributes enableWebSecurityAttrs = AnnotationAttributes
                 .fromMap(enableWebSecurityAttrMap);
         debugEnabled = enableWebSecurityAttrs.getBoolean("debug");
         if (webSecurity != null) {
             webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled);
         }
     }

     /*
      * (non-Javadoc)
      *
      * @see
      * org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware#setBeanClassLoader(java.
      * lang.ClassLoader)
      */
     public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
         this.beanClassLoader = classLoader;
     }
 }

3.2 SpringWebMvcImportSelector

该类是为了对 Spring Mvc 进行支持的。一旦发现应用使用 Spring Mvc 的核心前置控制器 DispatcherServlet 就会引入 WebMvcSecurityConfiguration 。主要是为了适配 Spring Mvc 。

3.3 OAuth2ImportSelector

该类是为了对 OAuth2.0 开放授权协议进行支持。 ClientRegistration 如果被引用,具体点也就是 spring-security-oauth2 模块被启用(引入依赖jar)时。会启用 OAuth2 客户端配置 OAuth2ClientConfiguration

3.4 @EnableGlobalAuthentication

这个类主要引入了 AuthenticationConfiguration 目的主要为了构造 认证管理器 AuthenticationManagerAuthenticationManager 十分重要后面我们会进行专门的分析。

4. SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration

我们在 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet 路径下还发现了一个配置类 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration 。该类用于向Servlet容器注册一个名称为 securityFilterChainRegistration 的bean, 实现类是 DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean 。该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 Servlet Filter BeanServlet 容器,实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxyDelegatingFilterProxy 其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet 容器用于处理请求时,会将任务委托给指定给自己另外一个Filter bean。对于 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration ,来讲,这个被代理的Filter bean的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain , 也就是我们上面提到过的 Spring Security Web提供的用于请求安全处理的Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy

相关的源码分析:

 package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet;

 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;

 import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;

 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties;
 import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
 import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;

 @Configuration
 // 仅在 Servlet 环境下生效
 @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
 // 确保安全属性配置信息被加载并以bean形式被注册到容器
 @EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class)
 // 仅在特定类存在于 classpath 上时才生效
 @ConditionalOnClass({ AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.class,
         SessionCreationPolicy.class })
 // 指定该配置类在  SecurityAutoConfiguration 配置类应用之后应用       
 @AutoConfigureAfter(SecurityAutoConfiguration.class)
 public class SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration {

     // 要注册到 Servlet 容器的 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter的 
     // 目标代理Filter bean的名称 :springSecurityFilterChain
     private static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = 
             AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;


     // 定义一个 bean securityFilterChainRegistration, 
     // 该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 bean 到 Servlet 容器 : 实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxy 的一个 Servlet Filter
     // 该 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter 其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet 容器用于匹配特定URL模式的请求,
     // 而它会将任务委托给指定给自己的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain 的 Filter, 也就是 Spring Security Web
     // 提供的用于请求安全处理的一个 Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy
     // (可以将 1 个 FilterChainProxy 理解为 1 HttpFirewall + n SecurityFilterChain)
     @Bean
     @ConditionalOnBean(name = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
     public DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean securityFilterChainRegistration(
             SecurityProperties securityProperties) {
         DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean registration = new DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean(
                 DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME);
         registration.setOrder(securityProperties.getFilter().getOrder());
         registration.setDispatcherTypes(getDispatcherTypes(securityProperties));
         return registration;
     }

     private EnumSet<DispatcherType> getDispatcherTypes(
             SecurityProperties securityProperties) {
         if (securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes() == null) {
             return null;
         }
         return securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes().stream()
                 .map((type) -> DispatcherType.valueOf(type.name())).collect(Collectors
                         .collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), EnumSet::copyOf));
     }

 }

5. 总结

本文主要对 Spring Security 在 Spring Boot 中的自动配置一些机制进行了粗略的讲解。为什么没有细讲。因为从学习出发有些东西不是我们必须要深入了解的,但是又要知道一点点相关的知识。我们先宏观上有个大致的了解就行。 所以在阅读本文一定不要钻牛角尖。粗略知道配置策略、加载策略和一些关键类的作用即可。在你对 Spring Security 有了进一步学习之后,回头认真来看这些配置类会有更深层的思考。 从另一个方面该文也给你阅读 Spring 源码提供了一些思路,学会这些才是最重要的。


原文:Spring Security 实战干货:Spring Boot 中的 Spring Security 自动配置初探 | Java|Spring Security|Spring Boot|Spring Cloud|https://felord.cn 码农小胖哥的博客